Albendazole metabolism in patients with neurocysticercosis: antipyrine as a multifunctional marker drug of cytochrome P450

The present study investigates the isoform(s) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) involved in the metabolism of albendazole sulfoxide (ASOX) to albendazole sulfone (ASON) in patients with neurocysticercosis using antipyrine as a multifunctional marker drug. The study was conducted on 11 patients with neurocysticercosis treated with a multiple dose regimen of albendazole for 8 days (5 mg/kg every 8 h). On the 5th day of albendazole treatment, 500 mg antipyrine was administered po. Blood and urine samples were collected up to 72 h after antipyrine administration. Plasma concentrations of (+)-ASOX, (-)-ASOX and ASON were determined by HPLC using a chiral phase column and detection by fluorescence. The apparent clearance (CL/f) of ASON and of the (+) and (-)-ASOX enantiomers were calculated and compared to total antipyrine clearance (CL T) and the clearance for the production of the three major antipyrine metabolites (CLm). A correlation (P<=0.05) was obtained only between the CL T of antipyrine and the CL/f of ASON (r = 0.67). The existence of a correlation suggests the involvement of CYP isoforms common to the metabolism of antipyrine and of ASOX to ASON. Since the CL T of antipyrine is a general measure of CYP enzymes but with a slight to moderate weight toward CYP1A2, we suggest the involvement of this enzyme in ASOX to ASON metabolism in man. The study supports the establishment of a specific marker drug of CYP1A2 in the study of the in vivo metabolism of ASOX to ASON

A micromethod for quantitation of debrisoquine and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine in urine by liquid chromatography

We describe a new simple, selective and sensitive micromethod based on HPLC and fluorescence detection to measure debrisoquine (D) and 4-hydroxydebrisoquine (4-OHD) in urine for the investigation of xenobiotic metabolism by debrisoquine hydroxylase (CYP2D6). Four hundred µl of urine was required for the analysis of D and 4-OHD. Peaks were eluted at 8.3 min (4-OHD), 14.0 min (D) and 16.6 min for the internal standard, metoprolol (20 µg/ml). The 5-µm CN-reverse-phase column (Shimpack, 250 x 4.6 mm) was eluted with a mobile phase consisting of 0.25 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0, and acetonitrile (9:1, v/v) at 0.7 ml/min with detection at lexcitation = 210 nm and lemission = 290 nm. The method, validated on the basis of measurements of spiked urine, presented 3 ng/ml (D) and 6 ng/ml (4-OHD) sensitivity, 390-6240 ng/ml (D) and 750-12000 ng/ml (4-OHD) linearity, and 5.7/8.2 percent (D) and 5.3/8.2 percent (4-OHD) intra/interassay precision. The method was validated using urine of a healthy Caucasian volunteer who received one 10-mg tablet of Declinax®, po, in the morning after an overnight fast. Urine samples (diuresis of 4 or 6 h) were collected from zero to 24 h. The urinary excretion of D and 4-OHD, Fel (0-24 h), i.e., fraction of dose administered and excreted into urine, was 6.4 percent and 31.9 percent, respectively. The hydroxylation capacity index reported as metabolic ratio was 0.18 (D/4-OHD) for the person investigated and can be compared to reference limits of < 12.5 for poor metabolizers (PM) and < 12.5 for extensive metabolizers (EM). In parallel, the recovery ratio (RR), another hydroxylation capacity index, was 0.85 (4-OHD: SD + 4-OHD) versus reference limits of RR < 0.12 for PM and RR > 0.12 for EM. The healthy volunteer was considered to be an extensive metabolizer on the basis of the debrisoquine test.

A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method to measure antipyrine and its metabolites in human urine

A method which permits the simultaneous HPLC analysis of antipyrine (A), 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA), 4-hydroxyantipyrine (HOA) and norantiopyrine (NORA) using a single extraction step in a five minute chromatographic run is described. Only 500 micraLitro of urine were necessary for the quantitation of all compounds investigated. An analog derivative, 4-aminoantipyrine, was used as internal standard (IS). Urine samples were hydrolyzed with Limpet acetone powder, 37 graus centigrados, pH 5.0 for 2 h. Sodium chloride was added and urine samples were extracted with diclhormethane-isopropyl alcohol (90:10, v/v) in acidic medium. The residue was dissolved with mobile phase, washed with n-hexane and 20 micralitro of the lower phase were injected into a 4-micron Nova-Pak (R) 'C IND. 18' column. Peaks monitored at 254 nm were eluted with 0.75 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0: methanol, (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase. The method, validated on the basis of the confidence limits for antipyrine and its metabolites, presented good stability, sensitivity, linearity, and intra or interassay precisions lower than 5 percente for all commpounds were investigated. This assay was applied for drug metabolism study carried out in ten healthy volunteers: 23 about 5 yr and 63 about 10 kg(mean about SD) after p.o. single dose of antipyrine, 500 mg/capsule. Diuresis of 24 h up to 72 h of drug administration was preserved with sodium metabisulfite, 4 mg/mL. Biological fluids were stored at -20 centigrade degree until assay. The main hydroxy-metabolites (HMA + HOA) and NORA, minor N-demethylated metabolite of antipyrine, were excreted: 60 percent and 20 percente as percentage of the given dose, respectively. Clearances for production of metabolites expressed as mL/min, were: 8.61 about 4.28 (7.24) for HMA, 13.91 about 6.20(12.67) for HOA, and 8.08 about 4.01(5.93) for NORA, mean about SD (median).